Attention to Managers

1.1 Occupational Disease Risk

An estimated two million people in the UK are suffering from work-related diseases. Due to the diseases caused by the study, approximately twenty million working days are lost every year. As a result, regardless of which country or occupational group, occupational diseases are of concern to all managers. This affects every size of the company, including the smallest ones. In fact, it is more likely that the illness of the staff in small organizations affects the firm. The problems begin by appearing insignificant and continue to worsen in time. Eventually, the disease becomes permanent, leading to death leading to death. Occupational diseases not only cause pain and anguish to employees, but also cause financial losses for companies and eventually society. Companies that understand and prevent the cause of occupational diseases can get rid of this situation.

1.1 What are Occupational Diseases?

Exposure of an employee to illness due to hazards at work is an occupational disease. In the table below you can see some examples that cause different diseases. You can use this list according to the type of problem found in your workplace. Please note that even small businesses, hairdressers, farms and garages are at risk.

Increasing the standard of work environment in workplaces is necessary in order to increase the quality of work and productivity of the workplace as required for the protection of the health of the employees. The three issues in the workplace are very important. Health - at home and in the workplace to be fit and in good conditions, Environment - working environment, regular, comfortable, dust and smoke free from gas, Safety - accident risk reduction Technology offers us comfortable, modern products, some products are produced during the production of these products. These; - Powders, - Fumes, - Oil and other vapors, - Gases. Industrial fumes and dusts include: - Solvents - Welding fumes - Particles - Gases - Soldering fumes - Chemicals - fluids These pests do damage in many organs such as the brain, lung, skin, blood, kidneys, limb nerves, and liver in the human body. These pests try to enter our body when we breathe, and our body is vulnerable to them. More than 10 microns of dust in the air, which are visible dust, are kept in the nose and throat. Ash, carbon powder, artificial fertilizer powder, cement, slag, pollen, flour powder, human hair are examples of these. The size of 10 microns reaches the bronchi. Bacteria, milk powder, dye pigments, sulfur powder can be examples. Those less than 1 micron reach the alveoli. Cigarette smoking, welding fumes, grease, oil vapors, soot and viruses can be mentioned as an example. Taking a look at the rate of drop of the particles will be useful in explaining the capture techniques. In a room without air flow, the following fall rates are determined.

PARTICULES DROP SPEEDS

100 micron 500 mm / s 10 micron 6 mm / s 1 micron 0.07 mm / s 0.1 micron 0.002 mm / s 0.01 micron 0.0001 mm / s From here we can see that a particle with a diameter of 1 micron has a distance of 1 meter in 4 hours. In the following figure, we can see how far away the particles of 20 microns and 0.2 microns are left at a wind speed of 3m / s from a tower with a height of 60 meters. Sheet metal thickness: 100 micron Visible size: 10 microns Harmful Particle: <5 microns Welding smoke: <1 micron Let's take a look at the characteristics of the metal manufacturing industry to combat the most common source of fumes and dust.

WELDING SMOKING

Particle size: 0.2-0.8 microns Heat energy Low speed

GRINDING POWDER

Particle size: 50-100 micron Mechanical energy High speed

Working environments must be well ventilated. When calculating the average air flow, we must also consider the pollution that emerges from the process. We can't account for fresh air per person in Comfort Air Conditioning. We must make sure that fresh air is not caused by air ceryanin in the working areas.
When calculating the amount of fresh air, we must consider the amount of air we exhaust from the environment and keep the amount of air intake and blowing in balance.

AIR CLEANING METHOD-1

Fixed suction hood It only works at certain fixed locations. There is a risk of exposure to pollution. Large amounts of air are needed to get a good yield.

AIR CLEANING METHOD-2

Face mask Provides good protection when used on-site. For some temporary workplaces, results can be the only solution. It is not comfortable to use. Pollutants stay around. Requires continuous adjustment. The most appropriate solution is to catch the pollution at its source. The suction systems mounted on hand tools such as spiral stones, with very little air, can keep dust in its source. In spite of the disadvantage of tools such as aggravation, it is the most effective absorption method.

AIR CLEANING METHOD-3

Hand-held suction system Works in the source of pollution. Very little air. Can be worn on every tool. It may not always be effective. It aggravates tools and strengthens its use. The most suitable method for holding fluxes such as welding, soldering fumes and powdered-powder powder is the adjustable, articulated suction arms. These arms are adjusted to the shape of the work without interfering with the operation and thus catches the most effective dust and fumes.

AIR CLEANING METHOD-4

Adjustable suction arm Suitable for any location. It won't interfere with work. It has the possibility to adjust according to the shape of the job. It is highly efficient. If we accept a particle of sand during welding, the particles that are removed during grinding with the same approach are the size of a basketball ball and the speed is 100 times greater than the speed of the sand grain. With this example you can use different metadata to capture and transport welding and grinding particles. It is easily understood that ods should be applied.

WELDING SMOKES

Capture speed: 0,5-5 m / s In-channel speed: 6-14 m / s

GRINDING POWERS

Capture speed: 15-18 m / s In-channel speed: 18-25m / s WHAT SHOULD THE EMERGING DUST AND SMOKE BE WORKED IN THE WORKING ENVIRONMENT? Laws and regulations in our country; It allows the smoke to be ejected, provided that it is not too dangerous and does not cause the complaint of the neighbors. However, it is the most appropriate method to recover air by filtering through dust, particulate filter, electrostatic filter, activated carbon filter and air washing. This will bring a filter cost. However, by not throwing out the heated air in the winter, it will save energy and at the same time, by reducing the amount of outside air at the same time, it will reduce the investment and operation cost of ventilation.